Clavulanate: How it works, common uses, and practical tips

Clavulanate isn't an antibiotic on its own — it's a shield. Combined with antibiotics like amoxicillin, clavulanate blocks bacterial enzymes that would otherwise destroy the drug. That simple pairing restores the antibiotic's power against resistant bacteria and keeps common infections treatable.

Most people meet clavulanate as amoxicillin–clavulanate (brand name Augmentin). Doctors often prescribe it for sinusitis, middle ear infections, certain chest infections, skin infections, and some urinary tract infections when resistance is a concern. It’s not a cure-all; it targets bacteria that produce beta-lactamase enzymes.

How it’s given and typical dosing

Clavulanate always comes with a beta-lactam (usually amoxicillin). Common adult doses you’ll see are 500/125 mg taken three times daily or 875/125 mg taken twice daily. Take tablets with food to reduce stomach upset. For children, dosing is weight-based — follow the exact instructions from the prescriber or pharmacist; don’t guess.

Duration depends on the infection. For uncomplicated sinusitis or ear infections, courses often last 5 to 10 days. More serious infections may need longer treatment. If symptoms improve but then return, contact your clinician rather than restarting leftover pills.

Side effects, risks, and safety tips

Most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Taking the drug with food lowers these problems. If loose stools are severe or persistent, check back with your provider — sometimes antibiotics cause Clostridioides difficile infection, which needs its own care.

Rare but important risks include liver injury that can show as yellowing skin, dark urine, or persistent tiredness. This is more common in older adults; stop the medicine and seek medical help if you notice jaundice.

If you’re allergic to penicillin, do not take amoxicillin–clavulanate. Allergic reactions include hives, swelling, or trouble breathing — seek emergency care for any severe reaction.

Clavulanate can affect other medicines. Notably, it may increase INR in people on warfarin — plan closer INR checks if a doctor prescribes it while you’re anticoagulated. Always tell your prescriber about all medications and supplements you use.

Use antibiotics responsibly. Don’t expect clavulanate for viral colds or uncomplicated sore throats unless your clinician confirms a bacterial cause. Finish the prescribed course, don’t save leftovers, and discard expired meds properly.

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Questions about a dose, side effect, or why clavulanate was chosen for you? Ask your pharmacist or prescriber — they can explain why this combo fits your infection and what to watch for while you take it.

If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your clinician before taking amoxicillin–clavulanate. It is commonly used in pregnancy when needed, but only a prescriber can weigh benefits and risks. Also, store liquids in the fridge if instructed, shake well and discard unused suspension after the recommended time. Keep the medicine out of reach of children. Keep a note of reactions and report promptly.